Comparing Gas Metal Arc Welding (Gmaw), Cold-Wire Gmaw, and Hot-Wire Gmaw Using Electrode Negative Polarity for V-Groove Root Passes

Direct current electrode negative has the advantage that the majority of heat generated in the arc concentrates in the electrode, which can potentially reduce distortion. Another advantage is increase in the melting rate which accounts for improved productivity. However, the phenomenon of arc climbing and the repulsive metal transfer make this technique less prevalent in the field.